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Asset Allocation Explained
In one sense, asset allocation1 is quite simple. Invest in
a mix of assets that have distinct characteristics and that respond
differently to economic cycles, with a goal to minimize your portfolio's
overall volatility. Of course, there's much more to it.
What seems like common sense today is based on a Nobel Prize-winning theory
developed by Harry Markowitz almost half a century ago. Dr. Markowitz
published his landmark paper, "Portfolio Selection," in the Journal of
Finance in 1952. Its publication marked the start of modern portfolio
theory2.
Markowitz quantified risk for the first time by using a range of possible
returns based on the variability of previous returns. He focused on the
choice investors face between expected return and performance variance also
known as standard deviation. This is based on the understanding that,
generally, the higher the potential reward, the higher the risk of an
investment.
Markowitz also shifted focus from the analysis of individual investments to
the statistical relationships among the securities within an entire
portfolio. He demonstrated how overall portfolio risk was affected, not just
by the individual volatility of different assets, but also on the opposite
movement of all assets. By selecting assets that had little correlation (one
asset would rise while the other fell), Markowitz demonstrated how stocks
that were risky individually could have their risk reduced within an
"efficient portfolio."

Markowitz charted an "efficient frontier" that offered an investor the
highest expected return for any given level of risk, or the lowest level of
risk for any given expected return. These ideas form the core of asset
allocation.
Markowitz's efficient portfolio isn't easy to understand, especially in its
full, detailed use of algorithms. But it is important and, with the help of
computerized models, not hard to apply.
How important is asset allocation? Studies by Lipper have found that more than 90% of
the variation in a portfolio's returns is determined by how the portfolio's
assets are allocated among major asset classes - stocks, bonds and cash.
Market timing and the selection of individual securities are not nearly as
critical.
1
Asset allocation seeks to maximize the performance of your
investment portfolio using diversification and disciplined investing.
However, using an asset allocation methodology does not guarantee greater,
or more consistent returns, or against loss; rather it is a method used to
manage risk. your investment objectives, time horizon and risk
tolerance will drive your asset allocation and help you determine the right
balance for you.
2
Modern Portfolio Theory: Investors should keep in mind that
there is no certainty that any investment or strategy will be profitable or
successful in achieving investment objectives.

Source: Lipper
The potential for higher returns at a lower level of
risk. If only it were that easy.
Asset allocation seeks to maximize the performance of
your investment portfolio using diversification and disciplined investing.
However, using an asset allocation methodology does not guarantee greater,
or more consistent returns, or against loss; rather it is a method used to
manage risk. Your investment objectives, time horizon and risk
tolerance will drive your asset allocation and help you determine the right
balance for you. Investments in foreign securities may be affected by
currency fluctuations, differences in accounting standards and political
instability. These risks are more significant in emerging markets.
No strategy or theroy can provide any certainly that any investment will be
profitable or successful in achieving an investors investment objectives.
You may be able to gain over long periods of time if you can increase
your level of investment returns without incurring undue risk. The power of
compounding may make this possible.
To illustrate the impact of improving your average annual return by only 2%
over a long period of time, look at how a portfolio of $50,000 grows over
various time periods at 4%, 6% and 8% annual expected rates of return.
By maximizing your return for the level of risk you are comfortable with,
you may be able to increase your retirement nest
egg.

This is a hypothetical example of
mathematical compounding and does not represent the performance of any
specific investment product or class of investments. Rate of return
will vary over time, particularly for long-term investments. The
values shown do not reflect product fees, charges or taxes which would
reduce returns if included. There are fees and expenses incurred with
any investment program and investments held for long periods of time will
fluctuate over time. Investments offering the potential for
higher rates of return also involve a higher degree of risk. Actual
results will vary.
(Back to the Top)
The
Importance of Asset Class Rebalancing
Configuring the proper mix of stocks, bonds, and cash to
match an investors risk tolerance is an important step toward building and
preserving wealth. Yet investors diminish much of the effect of an asset
allocation policy if they fail to rebalance their portfolios periodically.
Due to the ups and downs of the market, the risk and return characteristics
of an investment portfolio change over time. Consider an investor who
started with a 60% equity and 40% fixed-income portfolio in 1991. Twenty
years later, with no changes made to the portfolio, the mix would
have shifted to 69% equities and only 30% fixed income due to stock market
appreciation. In our opinion thats a more aggressive
portfolio.
|
Rebalance |
Portfolio |
Compound |
|
Frequency |
Growth |
Return |
|
Monthly |
$ 49,559 |
8.37% |
|
Semi-annually |
$ 49,824 |
8.40% |
|
Annually |
$ 51,403 |
8.57% |
|
Never |
$ 47,706 |
8.16% |
This example is for illustrative purposes
only. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
Source: InvestmentView. Uses total
returns for S&P500 and Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond indices.
Compound returns and annualized.
The Standard & Poor's Composite Index
of 500 stocks is generally considered representative of the U.S. stock
market. The Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged
index composed of securities from the Barclays Capital Government/Corporate
Bond Index, Mortgage-Backed Securities Index and the Asset-Backed Securities
Index ecluding publicly issued, fixed-rate, nonconvertible, investment-grade
corporate debt. The performance of any index is not
indicative of the performance of any particular investment.
individuals cannot invest directly in any index. Past performance is
no guarantee of future results. Actual results will vary.
More interesting, however, is how the portfolio actually performed over the
last 20 years (Jan. 1991-Dec. 2010). the static portfolio produced a smaller return
than most rebalanced portfolios. If the investor had rebalanced periodically, he or she would have
had greater returns and less risk and would have adhered to the original
investment plan.
Because the risk-adjusted performance differences among the portfolios were
small, the answer to the question of when to rebalance ( monthly, quarterly,
semi-annually, or annually ) depends mainly on the cost to the investor of
rebalancing. An investors 401(k) plan may allow him or her to rebalance
without incurring redemption or trading fees on the funds in the program. If
so, semi-annually rebalancing could give the investor a slight edge by holding
the portfolio closer to the asset allocation policy. For the investor
with holdings only in a regular taxable account and who must consider tax and fee
implications, it may make the most sense to rebalance on an annual basis.
Schannep Investment Advisors has made this information
available as a convenience. Research information, views, opinions, and other
recommendations obtained from sources outside Schannep Investment Advisors
are believed to be reliable, but we cannot guarantee their accuracy or
completeness.
(Back to the top)
Why Invest Internationally
1. Low correlations over long periods of time
Looking at the top 5 regions in the MSCI and seeing how they correlate to the S&P 500 over
the last 35 years may be a compelling reason to use an international fund as a
diversification tool. (1 is perfect correlation meaning that the markets
move in lock-step while 1 means they are polar opposites. Anything under
one will have a diversification benefit.)
Correlations Between Major Regions:
December 1969 - December 2008
| |
MSCI EAFE |
MSCI Europe |
MSCI Japan |
MSCI Pacific Ex-Japan |
S&P 500 |
|
MSCI EAFE |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
MSCI Europe |
0.88 |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
MSCI Japan |
0.85 |
0.53 |
1.00 |
|
|
|
MSCI Pacific Ex-Japan |
0.66 |
0.62 |
0.48 |
1.00 |
|
|
S&P 500 |
0.614 |
0.73 |
0.46 |
0.61 |
1.00 |
Source: Lipper
MSCI Japan Index represent Japan’s largest and most-established public
companies, accounting for approximately 85% of the market capitalization of
all publicly traded stocks.
2. According to the International Monetary Fund, since
2004 greater than 50% of the worlds market
capitalization resides overseas

Source: Total Trader, January, 2011
3. The U.S. has not been the best performing market in
any of the last 20 calendar years. One might think that the U.S.
(S&P 500) would have been the dominant market over the past 15 years given
the fact that the economy has been in its longest expansion phase in
history. Upon further review of other country`s markets (measured by the
MSCI EAFE Index which measures 20 of the world`s most developed markets),
this is not the case. Take a look at the last 15 years and see who has
finished first and last as well as how the U.S. (S&P 500) ranked against the EAFE countries.
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